5th International Conference on Heart and Cardiovascular Diseases

Fahad Idrees Shaikh is affiliated with the Department of Medicine at Lata Mangeshkar Hospital, N.K.P. Salve Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Nagpur, India. His professional interests focus on clinical medicine, patient care, and medical research.

Background: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) disproportionately affects South Asians at younger ages. BMI inadequately reflects visceral adiposity, particularly in Indians. Obesity phenotypes and novel anthropometric indices may improve cardiovascular risk assessment, but Indian data remain limited.

Objectives: To evaluate associations of cardiometabolic risk factors, obesity phenotypes, and novel anthropometric indices with ACS using odds ratios (ORs).

Methods: This case-control study included 50 ACS patients (unstable angina, NSTEMI, or STEMI) and 50 age-, sex-, and weight-matched healthy controls at a tertiary care hospital. Sociodemographic, clinical, anthropometric, and biochemical data were collected. Participants were classified as metabolically healthy normal weight (MHNW), metabolically unhealthy normal weight (MUNW), metabolically healthy overweight/obese (MHO), or metabolically unhealthy overweight/obese (MUO), based on BMI and metabolic risk factors. Five indices were calculated: ABSI, BRI, WHtR, WWI, and AVI. Appropriate statistical tests were applied, and unadjusted ORs with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. p<0.05 indicated significance.

Results: Cases and controls were comparable in age and sex. Hypertension (60% vs 36%), diabetes (52% vs 28%), dyslipidemia (56% vs 32%), and smoking (44% vs 24%) were significantly more prevalent among cases (all p<0.05). BMI was not significantly associated with ACS (Exp(B) 1.208, 95% CI 0.816–1.790; p=0.345), whereas waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and neck circumference were significant. All five novel indices were significantly associated with ACS per 1-SD increase (all p<0.001); WHtR showed Exp(B) 2.473 (95% CI 1.638–3.732). Compared with MHNW, MUO was significantly associated with ACS (OR 3.33, 95% CI 1.10–10.12), whereas MUNW (OR 3.33, 95% CI 0.89–12.49; p=0.074) and MHO (OR 1.50, 95% CI 0.48–4.65) were not. All ORs were unadjusted.

Conclusion: Metabolic health and central adiposity were associated with ACS, whereas BMI was not. Obesity phenotypes and novel anthropometric indices warrant further evaluation in larger, adjusted prospective studies.