Track: Preventive Cardiology and Cardiovascular Risk Reduction

● Primary vs. Secondary Prevention Strategies

This sub-session distinguishes between preventing a first cardiovascular event (primary prevention) and reducing recurrence in those with established disease (secondary prevention). Faculty will present updated trial evidence comparing treatment thresholds, polypharmacy approaches, and risk-benefit analyses. Special topics include aspirin de-prescribing debates, statin initiation thresholds, and the role of shared decision-making in prevention counseling.

● Cardiovascular Risk Scoring: SCORE2, PCE, and Beyond

A critical appraisal of validated risk prediction tools including SCORE2, the Pooled Cohort Equations (PCE), HEART score, and emerging AI-derived risk models. The session evaluates calibration across diverse ethnic populations, the impact of novel risk enhancers such as Lp(a), hsCRP, and coronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring, and how risk reclassification influences clinical decision-making.

● Lifestyle Medicine: Diet, Exercise & Smoking Cessation

Comprehensive review of non-pharmacological interventions. Dietary patterns including Mediterranean, DASH, and plant-based approaches will be compared for cardiovascular outcomes. Physical activity prescriptions, exercise dose-response relationships, and behavioral change frameworks for smoking cessation - including pharmacotherapy and electronic nicotine devices — will be explored with practical implementation guidance.

● Novel Biomarkers in Risk Prediction

Beyond traditional lipid panels and blood pressure, this session examines emerging biomarkers including high-sensitivity troponin, NT-proBNP, GDF-15, lipoprotein(a), oxidized LDL, and inflammatory markers such as interleukin-6. The clinical utility, cost-effectiveness, and evidence base for incorporating these biomarkers into routine cardiovascular risk assessment will be debated.

● Pharmacological Preventive Therapies

An updated review of guideline-directed pharmacotherapy in prevention — covering statins, ezetimibe, PCSK9 inhibitors, antihypertensives, aspirin, and novel agents including icosapentaenoic acid (Vascepa). Case-based discussions will highlight individualized therapy selection, adherence strategies, and the management of side effects that compromise long-term preventive treatment.

● Population Health and Community-Based Prevention Programs

Examines scalable public health interventions addressing cardiovascular risk at a community and societal level. Topics include workplace wellness programs, school-based cardiovascular screening, government policy on salt reduction and tobacco control, and digital health platforms for mass population screening. The social determinants of heart disease — poverty, education, access to care — are discussed alongside actionable policy frameworks.

4th International Conference on Heart and Cardiovascular Diseases

Track: Preventive Cardiology and Cardiovascular Risk Reduction

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