The well-established link between diabetes mellitus and increased cardiovascular risk is supported by various proposed mechanisms. Recent research suggests that elevated Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) levels in patients with diabetes may significantly contribute to an elevated risk of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) and overall mortality. This study focuses on the evaluation of ALP enzyme levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus and seeks to examine the correlations between ALP levels and widely recognized cardiovascular risk factors in a clinical setting. A retrospective cross-sectional analysis was conducted, including 9,156 subjects who were stratified into groups based on their serum ALP levels—categorized as either elevated or within the normal range. Comprehensive data, encompassing family medical history, physical examination findings, and routine laboratory tests, were obtained from the hospital's information management system for this analysis. It was found that individuals with elevated ALP levels was associated with a higher prevalence of diabetic kidney disease, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, along with a smaller proportion of overweight and obese patients. Additionally, elevated ALP exhibited lower body mass, decreased skeletal muscle mass, poorer glycemic control, more pronounced dyslipidemia, and a lower estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR). A significant correlation was observed between elevated ALP levels and multiple cardiovascular risk indices. The findings suggest that ALP is not only a simple and easily measurable biomarker but also an effective tool for assessing cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Surbhi Gupta is a distinguished medical professional currently pursuing a PhD in Biochemistry. She earned her MD in Biochemistry from the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, where she was the top-ranked student in her batch (2017-19). She also holds a DNB in Biochemistry, further enhancing her academic and research credentials. She is skilled in various advanced laboratory techniques, including cell culture, transwell migration assays, immunocytochemistry, and confocal microscopy. Her clinical experience includes senior resident roles at esteemed institutions such as Maulana Azad Medical College and the Diabetes Endocrine Metabolism Center at Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi. In addition to her medical expertise, she is pursuing an MBA in Healthcare Management, broadening her knowledge in the administrative aspects of healthcare. She has significantly contributed to medical education by serving as an editor for biochemistry question solutions and conducting workshops. Her research has been published in respected journals, and she has presented at national and international conferences, earning accolades such as the Best Poster Award at ACBICON 2018. She is also a certified Microsoft Excel Expert and has completed specialized training in quality management systems for medical laboratories.