"Unlocking Mysteries: Exploring the Science of Congenital Hearts."

It is possible to be born with congenital cardiac disease. Congenital is defined as "present at birth." The type of defect and how severe it is determined by the symptoms and course of action. Congenital heart disease can range from extremely mild issues that never need treatment to more serious issues that do. There are numerous varieties of CHD which are mentioned below.

•     Endocarditis
     Hypertension
     Septal Defects
     Cyanotic Defects
•     Transposition of great arteries
     Angina Pectoris
•     Developmental Problems
Cardio-Oncology, a specialized branch of cardiology, is concerned with the early detection, continued monitoring, and therapeutic management of cardiovascular problems brought on by chemotherapeutic and radiotherapeutic side effects. Both cancer therapy options have the potential to cause cardiovascular dysfunction, a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the oncologic population.

•    Chemotherapy or Radiotherapy
•     Heart and Breast Cancer
•     Anticancer Therapies
•     Cardiac Neoplasms
•     Biomarkers
•     Advanced Cancer Treatment
     Nuclear Cardiology
•     Targeted Therapy
     Fetal Heart Tumor
"Healing young hearts with experience and kindness"

Pediatric cardiology is a branch of medicine focused on the diagnosis, treatment, and management of cardiac diseases in children ranging in age from infancy to adolescence. Pediatric cardiologists focus on diagnosing and treating young patients with congenital heart abnormalities, acquired heart conditions, and other cardiac problems. They offer complete cardiac treatment, including pediatric-specific diagnostic tests, medicinal therapy, interventional procedures, and surgical interventions.

Down Syndrome
Marfan Syndromes
Neonatal Diagnosis and Surgeries
"Unlocking the Secrets of Cardiovascular Health: Pioneering Science for Stronger Hearts"

Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD) are defined as any significant, abnormal condition of the heart or blood vessels (arteries and veins). This syndrome causes the heart, brain, kidney, liver, and all other body organs to get insufficient blood flow, giving rise to various forms of cardiovascular disease or, depending on its severity, death. Age, sex, genetics, high blood pressure, smoking, inactivity, poor diet, obesity, depression, etc. are some of the risk factors that contribute to the development of these conditions. Strategies for prevention and management include dietary changes, prescription drugs, surgical procedures, and cardiac rehabilitation programs. 

Some of the Cardiovascular diseases are:

Congestive Heart Failures
Disease Management
Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation
Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases
•      Coagulation and Thrombosis
"Surgical Precision: Innovating Solutions for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Challenges."

Thoracic Surgery:  It treats the organs present in the thoracic cavity (Chest Area), namely the heart, lungs, and oesophagus. Emphysema, end-stage lung disease, pulmonary fibrosis, and chest wall tumours are the most common conditions treated with this operation. Thoracic surgery also includes the removal of the cancer-affected lung, lung transplantation, heart transplantation, and coronary artery bypass surgery.

Cardiovascular SurgeryHeart surgery is referred to as cardiovascular surgery. It relates to a surgical procedure involving the heart or the blood arteries that supply the heart with blood.

Types of Thoracic and Heart Surgeries are:

•      Wedge Resection
      Mediastinal, Pericardial, and Thymus Thoracoscopic procedures
Insertion of PacemakerICDVAD and TAH
      Cardiothoracic Surgery
•      Maze Surgery
•      Septal Myectomy
•      Experimental Surgery
•      Cardioversion
Heart Valve Repair or Replacement
Complications during Cardiac Surgery
      Aneurysm Repair

These are the some procedures which is performed by cardiothoracic or cardiac surgeons.
"Visualizing the Heart: Advancing Interventions through Cardiac Imaging in Interventional Cardiology."

Interventional Cardiology is a branch of medicine that falls under the general term of the subspecialty of cardiology. It includes the use of modern techniques and medication to treat problems that impede the function of the cardiovascular system as well as the use of specialist imaging and other diagnostic tools to measure blood flow and pressure in the coronary arteries and heart chambers.

Cardiac Imaging refers to a variety of procedures that take images of your heart and its surroundings. Medical experts utilise the tests to diagnose and address heart issues.

Controversaries in Coronary Interventions
      Cardiac MRI and Cardiac CT
Artificial Intelligence enters CT Imaging
      Cardiac PET and Cardiac SPECT
      Myocardial perfusion imaging
•      Clinical Radiology
      Pediatric Radiology
4D flow Imaging in Congenital and Acquired Cardiovascular Disease
"Taking Care of Hearts at Every Stage: Strengthening Women and Fetal Health through Cardiology."

Women of any age can be affected by heart disease, which is the top cause of death for women in the US. People designated female at birth (AFAB) are uniquely impacted by Cardiovascular Disease (CVD). An individual's risk factors, symptoms, and other elements of cardiovascular health appear to be influenced by sex-specific changes in anatomy, red blood cell count, and hormones.

Fetal Cardiology is a field of medicine that focuses on involving specialized ultrasound techniques and procedures to diagnose and treat congenital heart abnormalities in unborn babies during pregnancy.

Pregnancy-related disorders and Risk Management
Persistence of weight gain after Pregnancy
Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention in Women
Mental stress and Depression
Hormone Replacement Therapy
       Cleft Lip / Cleft Plate
Prenatal Diagnosis
"Engineering Life-Savers: Establishing Heart Devices for Improving Cardiac Health"

Innovative devices and techniques for diagnosing and treating heart diseases are being monitored by new cardiac technologies. These medical advancements are intended to treat different heart problems and enhance cardiac function.  The following list includes various distinct kinds of heart devices.

Valve-in-valve Procedure
Protein patch for Heart muscle growth
Organ Conformal Electronics
Cardiac Decellularization and Engineered Heart Tissue  
Small, Portable ECMO Devices
Engineered Heart Valve
Magnetic Navigation and Robotic Systems
Pluripotent Stem Cells and Transdifferentiated Cardiomyocytes
"Breaking the Triad: Combating Diabetes and Obesity to Avoid Stroke"

Obesity and Diabetes are two significant, controllable risk factors for stroke. Patients with diabetes are more likely to experience strokes, and their recovery outcomes are lower. Risk-factor management is the most crucial component of stroke prevention in people with diabetes and obesity.

 Maintain Healthy Lifestyles
 Dyslipidemia and Risk Factors
 Stroke Interventions
       Bariatric Surgery
•       Lipid-lowering therapies
       Obesity in Hypertensive patients
       Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury
•       Neurogenic Stress Cardiomyopathy
•       Cerebral Embolism
       Epilepsy
       Encephalopathy
"Decoding the Blueprint: Untangling Molecular Cardiology and Vascular Biology"

Molecular Cardiology: With the goal of using molecular biology tools for the mechanistic exploration, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of cardiovascular illness, molecular cardiology is a young and rapidly expanding field of cardiovascular medicine.

Vascular Biology: The study of blood vessels, such as arteries, veins, and capillaries, including their structure, operation, and control, is known as vascular biology. It includes research on vascular physiology, pathology, and development, with an emphasis on processes like angiogenesis (the production of new blood vessels), vasculogenesis, etc. Vascular biology seeks to expand our knowledge of vascular health and illness, which could have an impact on the creation of novel treatments and interventions.

Vascular Aging and Stroke
Body Signal Monitoring
Cardio-Metabolic Disease
Cardiovascular Gender Medicine
Body Signal Research - Sleep Apnea and Cardiovascular Risk
Protein Misfolding
Extracellular Vesicles 
Cardiovascular Epigenetics & Regenerative Medicine
       Cerebrovascular Blood flow
       Vascular Remodelling
       Vascular Tone Regulation
       Vasoreactivity
•       Vascular Healing
       Clotting cascade
"Healing Hearts with Compassion: Empowering Patients Through Cardiac Nursing"

Cardiac Nursing is a nursing specialty that cares for patients suffering from various cardiovascular problems. In addition to interacting with their patients' families, cardiovascular nurses care for individuals who have heart conditions. They may monitor and treat critically ill patients, or they may specialize on cardiac rehabilitation, assisting patients in making lifestyle changes to avoid disease progression.

Cardiac Diet
Cardiovascular Intensive Care units
•      Emergency Medicine
"Rhythm in Motion: Enhancing Performance and Protection Through Sports Cardiology and Arrhythmia Management."

Sports Cardiology deals with the heart health of athletes, and exercise cardiology speaks to people of all ages. The Sports Cardiology Centre's main mission is to work with any athlete to assist them achieve their goals, whether they are elite athletes, recreational exercisers, or weekend warriors.

An Arrhythmia, often known as an irregular heartbeat, is an issue with your heart's pace or rhythm. It means your heart is beating too fast, too slowly, or in an uneven manner. Most arrhythmias are harmless, but some are dangerous or even fatal. When the heartbeat is too fast, too slow, or irregular, the heart is unable to pump enough blood to the body.

Arrhythmias, General-Treatment
Medical Management
Improving ECG Interpretation in Athletes
Sports and Disorder Patient-Centred Counselling
"Balancing Safety and Efficacy: Improving Cardiovascular Health Through Pharmacology and Toxicology"

Cardiovascular Pharmacology is concerned with the medications used to treat cardiovascular disorders. A range of medications are used to treat various cardiac issues. Cardiovascular Toxicity encompasses heart damage caused by toxin-induced electrical abnormalities or/and muscle damage, as well as vascular atherosclerosis caused by oxidative stress and inflammation.

Here are a few examples of medications used in cardiovascular medicine:

Drug Discovery
Cardiovascular Medicines
Drug-induced Cardiac Toxicity
Resuscitation and Emergency Infusions
Cardiotoxicity of Cytotoxic Drugs
"Unleashing the Immune Shield: Advancing Cardiac Health Through the Science of Cardiac Immunology."

Cardiac Immunology is a subfield of medicine that studies the function of the immune system in cardiovascular health and illness. It investigates the relationship between the immune system and the heartBleeding disorders are a set of medical illnesses characterized by abnormal bleeding or clotting tendencies. They are sometimes known as coagulation disorders or hemostatic disorders. These illnesses, which disrupt the body's ability to create blood clots or maintain normal clotting function, can be inherited or acquired.

•      Electrophysiology
      Immune Cells and Immunotherapy 
      Immunoglobin Deficiencies
      Genetics of Heart and Vascular Diseases
•      Blood Cells and Coagulation
•      Blood Cancer
      Haemolytic Anaemia
•      Haematopoiesis and Haemostasis
      Perfusion
"In addition to Blood Pressure: Discovering the Power of Cardiac Regeneration in Hypertension"

Hypertension is a serious disorder that raises the chance of developing heart, brain, kidney, and other diseases. The amount of blood pumped by your heart and the amount of resistance to blood flow in your arteries both influence blood pressure.

Cardiac Regeneration is an endeavor to heal irreversibly damaged heart tissue using advanced techniques such as stem cell and cell-free cell treatment. The body's natural ability to regenerate has been utilized to create reparative tools for restoring damaged heart tissue and function.

Blood Pressure Variations
Stress Management
•      Anxiety
Essential and Secondary Hypertension
•      Heart Regeneration in Lower Vertebrates
      Reprogramming Fibroblasts to Cardiomyocytes
"Diagnose. Transplant. Save lives"

Heart Diagnostic and Transplantation are medical procedures used to assess and treat heart problems. Here is the short version of these topics:

•      Echocardiogram
•      Ankle Brachial Index (ABI)
•      MR Angiogram
•      Advanced Heart Failures and Heart Transplantations

It should be noted that heart transplantation is a complicated treatment with restricted availability due to a scarcity of donor organs. Depending on the patient's condition, different treatments such as medication, lifestyle changes, or additional surgical interventions may be considered. Medical technology and research advancements continue to improve the diagnosis and treatment options for cardiac disorders.
"Risks, complications, and implications of COVID-19's effect on the cardiovascular system"

COVID-19 can harm the heart and blood vessels, causing inflammation of the heart muscle (myocarditis), blood clot development, and blood vessel damage. These cardiovascular effects can range in severity and are more likely to affect people who already have heart problems. Monitoring and controlling COVID-19 patients' cardiovascular health is critical for their care and therapy.

Blocking of Oxygen Delivery to the Heart
Blood Clots in Valves
Shortness of Breath
•      Endothelial Dysfunction in COVID-19
"Heartstrings Unraveled: Examining Cardiomyopathies' Rhythms and Echoes"

Cardiomyopathies are disorders that affect the heart muscle, causing it to weaken, thicken, or stiffen abnormally. They can impair the heart's ability to pump blood and have a variety of reasons, including genetic factors and certain disorders.

"Hearts Across Generations: Discovery of the Current State of Geriatric and Veterinary Cardiology"

Geriatric Cardiology: The diagnosis, treatment, and management of heart-related diseases in older persons is the emphasis of geriatric cardiology. Individuals may become more susceptible to cardiovascular problems as they age, such as heart failure, arrhythmias, and coronary artery disease. Geriatric cardiology tackles the special issues and considerations associated with cardiovascular treatment in the aged population, such as managing various comorbidities and age-related physiologic changes.

Veterinary Cardiology is concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of heart disorders in animals, with a particular emphasis on companion animals such as dogs and cats. Veterinary cardiologists diagnose and treat problems in animals Veterinary cardiology, like human cardiology, uses diagnostic technologies such as echocardiography, electrocardiography, and cardiac imaging to assess heart health and establish treatment strategies tailored to each animal's needs.

"Pioneering Pathways: Uncovering Breakthroughs and Technologies in Heart & Cardiovascular Disease"

Current research in Heart and Cardiovascular illness encompasses a wide range of areas with the goal of enhancing diagnostic procedures and generating new treatments. Here are some active research areas:
These are only a few examples of the numerous research projects targeted at increasing our understanding of heart and circulatory illnesses. Ongoing research in these and other areas has great potential for improving prevention, diagnostic, and treatment strategies to minimize the burden of chronic diseases on individuals and society.
"Intersecting Pathways: Optimal Care Through Cardiovascular Anaesthesia and Endocrinology"

Cardiovascular Anaesthesiology is a subspecialty of anesthesiology that focuses on the perioperative management of patients having cardiovascular operations. Cardiovascular anaesthesiologists are in charge of assuring patients' safety and well-being during surgery on the heart, blood arteries, and other cardiovascular structures. They closely monitor vital signs, give anesthetic, control hemodynamics, and use modern procedures to keep cardiovascular function steady throughout the treatment. They collaborate with the surgical team to improve patient outcomes and manage potential anesthetic and cardiovascular system problems.

Cardiovascular Endocrinology is the study of the interactions between hormones, endocrine diseases, and cardiovascular health. Hormones are important in controlling circulatory function, and hormonal abnormalities or dysregulation can contribute to the development or progression of cardiovascular disease.

"Illuminating Clinical Cardiology Through Captivating Case Reports"

Case reports in Clinical Cardiology are short overviews of unusual clinical conditions, diagnostic hurdles, treatment approaches, or unexpected outcomes in cardiovascular medicine. They provide useful information to healthcare workers, add to medical knowledge, and drive future research and clinical decision-making.

     Case Reports on Arrhythmias
•     Case Reports on Atherosclerosis
     Case Reports on Heart Devices
•     Case Reports on Cardiovascular and Cardiac Research
•     Case Reports on Pediatric Cardiology
•     Case Reports on Heart Diagnosis
•     Case Reports on Heart Disease & Failure
•     Case Reports on Cardiac Surgery
•     Case Reports on Vascular Heart Disease
"Managing the Limits of General and Critical Care: From Emergency to Treatment"

Internal Medicine is concerned with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of adult disorders without the need of surgery. Internists, or internal medicine physicians, provide comprehensive care for a wide range of medical disorders.

Emergency Medicine is concerned with the urgent evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of acute illnesses and injuries. Emergency physicians work in hospital emergency rooms, where they deal with acute and urgent medical conditions.

     Cardiac Emergencies
     Advanced Airway Management
     Post-Cardiac Arrest Care
     Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) Techniques
     Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) 
•     Targeted Temperature Management (TTM)
•     Pericardial Effusion
     Cardiac Tamponade